By G.Shankaranarayanan
20 Oct 2009
Note:This is my theory not yet peer reviewed.
In the Michelson Morley experiment, the time taken for light to travel was expected to be maximum in the direction of travel and minimum in the direction perpendicular to travel, however it was found that they were the same.
To explain the results of the Michelson Morley experiment Fitzgerald proposed that the length of an object decreases by a factor of sqrt( 1 - v^2/c^2 ). And Einstein proposed that time is relative to the velocity of a moving object and that time slows down as velocity of an object approaches the speed of light.
Here's my theory on what happens. I propose that it is not the length of the object alone that reduces but the length of the universe as a whole along the axis of travel reduces and as an object approaches the speed of light, the length of the universe for that object becomes close to zero. That is the distance between two objects is relative to the speed with which they approach each other. In this model rate of time is constant in all reference frames, only the distance changes with respect to the frame of reference. That is the space curves towards the object along the axis of travel.
Spatial relativity explains the result of the MM experiment as follows. The time taken for light to travel in the direction of travel is less than expected because the distance to travel has contracted due to spatial relativity. In other words, the velocity of light from a moving object is the same as the velocity of light from a stationary object because space is compressed in the direction of travel. Spatial relativity explains the result of the Michelson Morley experiment as well as a time relativity theory with the additional benefit that it does away with confusing time paradoxes.
As an object approaches the velocity of light, the length of the universe as far as it is concerned becomes close to zero. In other words it is in hyperspace. Under this view the velocity of light is not the maximum possible but the maximum required to reach any place in the universe. The apparent velocity of the object in normal space will appear to be thousands or millions or billions of times the speed of light.
Unlike story books where you jump into and out of hyperspace in an instant. This theory proposes that you enter hyperspace gradually as you accelerate to light speed and then move to a distant point in the universe and then you decelerate to zero. At one g it will take about one year for a ship to accelerate to light speed and another year to decelerate to zero. So within two years a ship containing humans can reach any part of the universe at a comfortable one g.
Assuming a robotic ship is capable of accelerating at 1000 g without damage, it can accelerate to light speed in about 9 hours and decelerate to zero in another 9 hours. So it can carry information and cargo to any part of the universe even other galaxies and be back by supper time the next day.
One important question is why doesn't light travel to any part of the universe in this way? Because it has mass close to zero so it doesn't curve space in any significant way even at the speed of light. Both mass and velocity are required to curve space into hyperspace.
I arrived at this theory after many years of trying to understand time relativity. But then I realized I couldn't understand it because it was bunk, then I wondered what will explain the MM experiments and arrived at this alternate theory.
Imagine points a, b, c, etc each one light second apart. Let a ship leave point a at a speed of thousand times the light speed. It reaches point b after 1 millisecond, point c at 2 milliseconds, point d at 3 milliseconds, point e at four milliseconds. Now light/image leaving the ship at b, c, d etc will take 1, 2, 3, 4, etc seconds (Note seconds vs. milliseconds) to reach point a. So an observer at point A will see the ship to be moving at light speed even though the ship is moving at thousand times the light speed. This is called time dilation. Even if a ship were to travel at million times the speed of light. Still light leaving the ship will reach point a in the same sequence at the same speed. So to an observer at point A the ship will appear to travel at light speed regardless of how much faster the ship travels. Now let the ship return to point A. Under no circumstances can it reach point a before even the image of its leaving point A has reached point A, even if were to travel at billions of times the speed of light, because the light/image has to travel 0 distance between point A and point A. So a ship can't go back in time even if it were to travel at many times the speed of light. Only the image of its travel might arrive later than its return.
The time dilation is only apparent dilation, it only appears that the ship is moving slowly than it is actually moving. Only the images are time dilated. There is no actual difference between the rate of time on the ship and the rate of time for the observer at point A.
Now imagine a ship leaving Earth and reaching Alpha centauri in two years. The image of its leaving Earth will reach Alpha four years after its start. On Alpha the ship would appear to have reached Alpha two years before it started from the Earth. But still there is no time travel involved. Only the image is playing catch up. The actual ship would never arrive before it actually started. Also the image of the ship leaving Earth may never reach Alpha for the smaller the object and further away it is from us the clarity of its image would be dispersed across light years and Alpha centaurians may never be able to see the ship leaving earth because it would be too small and too far away when it started.
This has been demonstrated by noting that atomic clocks at differing altitudes (and thus different gravitational potential) will eventually show different times. This can be explained by spatial relativity as follows. The atomic clocks are at different gratational potentials so the atoms of higher gravitational potential have a bigger radius due to spatial expansion hence their frequency changes infinitesimly because of spatial expansion. Hence the two clocks show different times, even though they both have the same rate of time (according to this theory).
GPS systems experience a time dilation that is a consequence of both motion and gravitation. It can be explained by spatial contraction of the atoms of the atomic clock due to effects of motion and the spatial expansion of the atoms due to lower gravitational pull together changes their frequency hence the accuracy of the time measured by them. Hence GPS time dilation is due to spatial changes and not because of any actual difference in the rates of times.
Rossi and Hall (1941) compared the population of cosmic-ray-produced muons at the top of a mountain to that observed at sea level. Although the travel time for the muons from the top of the mountain to the base is several muon half-lives, the muon sample at the base was only moderately reduced. This is explained by (the obsolote time relativity theory as) the time dilation attributed to their high speed relative to the experimenters. That is to say, the muons were decaying about 10 times slower than if they were at rest with respect to the experimenters.
This can be explained in this theory as follows. As far as the muons are concerned because of their high speed the distance between the top of the mountain and the sea level was very much less than that measured by the observers so they had to travel a lot lesser distance than they are perceived to have so the muon sample was only moderately reduced compared to what it would have been had they had to travel a longer distance. In other words for the muons the mountain height had shrunk to a molehill height because of their very high speeds, but for the observers it was still a mountain height. In fact many sites propose this concept, they say the 6000 ft mountain has shrunk to 670 feet. But they don't realize that if the mountain has shrunk so much the muons will require very little time to cross it hence many of them would not have decayed so there is no need for time to dilate for them to survive.
If the speed of light appears to be constant (c) when it was expected to be different (c+v in the direction of travel and and c-v opposite the direction of travel), it can be explained in two ways. Velocity = distance / time. If time taken is the same when it was expected to take longer in the parallel direction you can say the time has dilated (or become more) OR that distance has become less. Why the deuce do you need to propose both distance has reduced AND time has dilated then the velocity would be a lot more or you would also have to explain how much the dilation of time and the contraction of space have each contributed to the increase of velocity (or reduction in expected time of travel).
Velocity is directional. You can move in only one direction at a time. Spatial contraction is directional, whereas time dilation can't be directional. You can't say the front and back of the ship is experiencing more time dilation while its left and right are experiencing less time dilation. Either the whole of the ship is experiencing the same time dilation or not. Now it is reasonable to propose that a directional phenomenon (velocity) is explained better by a directional theory (spatial contraction in the direction of motion) than by a non directional theory ie time dilation.
The results of this experiment can be taken as proof of spatial contraction of atoms and the space between atoms due to the presence of a higher gravitational field, rather than as proof of time relativity.
Spatial contraction brings back the notion of absolute motion. The direction of absolute motion of an object is defined as the direction in which space is compressed the most. And if the space in front of a moving object is compressed more than the space perpendicular to the object then it is said to have more absolute motion. In other words absolute motion of an object is measured with respect to space itself and not with respect to any other object. Of course it may be difficult or impossible to measure this absolute motion as space is elastic.
Let A be an object with an absolute motion of zero and C be a light wave travelling at absolute velocity c. Now the relative velocity of C with respect to A is c-0 or c. Now let A increase its absolute velocity to v, Now the relative velocity of C wrt A should have become c-v, but due to spatial contraction the relative velocity increases back to c. So absolute motion can increase irrespective of relative velocity.
Time relativity almost forbids star travel, whereas spatial relativity will open up trillions of star systems and millions of galaxies for human expansion.
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